Worked as a journalist from 1904, becoming editor of the newspaper Avanti. Mussolini was initially a member of the Socialist Party but resigned his membership in 1915 due to the party's support for the Allies in the First World War. He was wounded during the war and returned to Italy as editor of the right-wing Il Popolo d'Italia, helping to form the Fascist Party. In 1922 he was appointed prime minister, leading a fascist-nationalist coalition; left-wing parties were suppressed in 1924 and in 1929 Italy became a one-party state with Mussolini as supreme leader (Il Duce). In 1935 Italy extended its African colonies by invading Abyssinia (later Ethiopia), despite sanctions imposed by the League of Nations; in 1936 Mussolini signed the Rome-Berlin Axis, following this with the Pact of Steel in 1939. Italy declared war on the Allies in 1940, but suffered serious reverses both in Greece and against the British in North Africa. Following the fall of Sicily to the Allies in 1943 Mussolini was dismissed from office and arrested, but was rescued on Hitler's orders and set up a new fascist regime in German-occupied northern Italy. As Allied forces advanced in 1945 he and his mistress attempted to escape into Switzerland but were captured by Italian partisans and shot. Mussolini's body was hung upside down in Milan for public viewing.